These other disorders, which include hearing, voice, and fluency disorders, are also relevant to clinical linguistics.Ĭlinical linguistics draws on the conceptual resources of the full range of linguistic disciplines to describe and explain language disorders. The cycle is also a useful model with which to conceptualize a range of communication disorders other than language disorders. This cycle permits the introduction of a number of important distinctions in language pathology, such as the distinction between a receptive and an expressive language disorder, and between a developmental and an acquired language disorder. To understand language disorders, it is useful to think of them in terms of points of breakdown on a communication cycle that tracks the progress of a linguistic utterance from its conception in the mind of a speaker to its comprehension by a hearer. So language disorders are first and foremost communication disorders. All language disorders restrict an individual’s ability to communicate freely with others in a range of contexts and settings. Speech-language pathology is the area of clinical practice that assesses and treats children and adults with communication disorders. The relationship of clinical linguistics to the study of communication disorders and to speech-language pathology (speech and language therapy in the United Kingdom) are two particularly important points of intersection. Like many applied disciplines in linguistics, clinical linguistics sits at the intersection of a number of areas. Clinical linguists are interested in the full range of linguistic deficits in these conditions, including phonetic deficits of children with cleft lip and palate, morphosyntactic errors in children with specific language impairment, and pragmatic language impairments in adults with schizophrenia. Both dimensions of clinical linguistics can be addressed through an examination of specific linguistic deficits in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, craniofacial anomalies, adult-onset neurological impairments, psychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although the conceptual roots of this field are in linguistics, its domain of application is the vast array of clinical disorders that may compromise the use and understanding of language. As the name suggests, clinical linguistics is a dual-facing discipline. Clinical linguistics is the branch of linguistics that applies linguistic concepts and theories to the study of language disorders.
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